Introduction: Why Lithium Battery Maritime Compliance Is So Important and Urgent?

Opening Case: A Warning from Lithium Battery Transportation Accidents

Against the backdrop of the booming global new energy industry, the maritime demand for lithium batteries has seen explosive growth. However, safety accidents have also been occurring frequently. In 2023, a container ship carrying lithium batteries caught fire in the Indian Ocean, and the fire spread to multiple containers, causing huge economic losses and environmental impacts. According to statistics from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), maritime accidents involving lithium batteries have been on the rise in recent years. In 2024 alone, more than 30 lithium – battery – related maritime safety incidents were reported. These accidents not only bring huge economic losses to enterprises but also seriously threaten the lives of crew members and the marine ecological environment. Lithium battery maritime compliance is crucial to avoid such disasters.

Core Pain Points: High Non – compliance Costs and Tightening Global Regulations

Lithium battery maritime compliance faces numerous challenges. On one hand, the cost of non – compliance is extremely high. Once enterprises are found to be transporting lithium batteries in violation of regulations, they may face severe consequences such as huge fines, cargo detention, and rejection of the entire shipment. For example, the EU can impose fines of up to 10% of the cargo value for illegal lithium battery transportation, and enterprises may even be blacklisted, affecting their future international trade. On the other hand, global regulations are constantly tightening. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and national regulatory authorities are increasingly strict with the safety requirements for lithium battery maritime transportation, continuously updating and improving relevant regulatory standards. For instance, the IMDG Code Amendment 42 – 24, which came into effect on January 1, 2026, has put forward stricter requirements for the classification, packaging, marking, and transportation of lithium batteries. Adhering to lithium battery maritime compliance is essential to meet these changing regulations.

The Value of This Article: Providing a Clear and Operable Compliance Roadmap for Freight Forwarders, Battery Manufacturers, and Traders

This article aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed lithium battery maritime compliance guide for freight forwarders, battery manufacturers, traders, and other relevant practitioners. By in – depth interpretation of the relevant regulatory requirements of the IMO and the IMDG Code, combined with practical operation cases, it offers a clear and operable compliance roadmap for readers. This helps enterprises reduce compliance risks, improve transportation efficiency, and ensure the safety and compliance of lithium battery maritime transportation. Lithium battery maritime compliance is the key to the success of lithium battery maritime business.

Understanding the Regulatory Core: IMO and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)

Introduction to IMO and the IMDG Code: The Role of the International Maritime Organization and the Binding Force of the IMDG Regulations

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for maritime safety and the prevention of marine pollution, established in 1948. The IMO ensures the safety, efficiency, and environmental protection of global maritime transportation by formulating and implementing international maritime regulations. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) is an international rule formulated by the IMO regarding the maritime transportation of dangerous goods, aiming to ensure the safety of dangerous goods during maritime transportation. The IMDG Code has binding force, and all ships and enterprises involved in international maritime transportation must comply with its requirements. Lithium battery maritime compliance must follow the IMDG Code.

The “Identity” of Lithium Batteries: Clearly Classified as Class 9 Dangerous Goods (Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles) Under the IMDG Code

According to the classification standards of the IMDG Code, lithium batteries belong to Class 9 dangerous goods (miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles). This is because lithium batteries may pose risks such as fire and explosion during transportation, threatening the safety of ships and crew members. The UN numbers of lithium batteries vary depending on their types and transportation methods. For example, the UN number for lithium – ion batteries transported alone is UN3480, and when transported packaged with equipment or installed in equipment, it is UN3481; the UN number for lithium – metal batteries transported alone is UN3090, and when transported packaged with equipment or installed in equipment, it is UN3091. Correct classification of lithium batteries is an important part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

Key Amendments: Emphasizing the Revision Points for Lithium Battery Transportation in the Latest Version of the IMDG Code (Such as Version 41 – 22)

The IMDG Code is updated every two years to adapt to the changing maritime safety needs. The latest IMDG Code Amendment 42 – 24, which came into effect on January 1, 2026, has made important revisions to the regulations on lithium battery transportation. The main revision points include:

1. More Precise Classification: A new classification and UN number for sodium – ion batteries have been added, bringing sodium – ion batteries under the supervision of the IMDG Code. This ensures that all types of batteries are subject to proper lithium battery maritime compliance regulations.
2. Stricter Packaging Requirements: Stricter requirements have been put forward for the packaging materials, structure, and marking of lithium batteries to ensure that the packaging can effectively prevent lithium batteries from short – circuiting, catching fire, and other hazards during transportation. Good packaging is a crucial aspect of lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Clearer Transportation Conditions: The stowage requirements, isolation requirements, temperature control requirements, etc., for lithium batteries during maritime transportation have been clarified to ensure the safety of lithium battery transportation. Meeting these conditions is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.
4. Improved Document Requirements: The document materials required for lithium battery maritime transportation have been updated and improved, requiring more detailed lithium battery test reports, MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets), and other documents. Complete and accurate documents are necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

The Four Core Pillars of Lithium Battery Maritime Compliance

Pillar 1: Product Access – UN38.3 Testing Is the Cornerstone

What Is the UN38.3 Test (8 Tests Including Altitude Simulation, Vibration, Impact, Etc.)?

The UN38.3 test is a series of safety tests for lithium batteries specified in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, aiming to ensure the safety of lithium batteries during transportation. The UN38.3 test includes the following 8 tests:

1. Altitude Simulation Test: Simulates the low – pressure environment that lithium batteries may encounter during high – altitude transportation to test the sealing and stability of lithium batteries. This test is crucial for lithium battery maritime compliance as it ensures the batteries can withstand the pressure changes during shipping.
2. Thermal Test: Simulates the performance of lithium batteries in high – temperature and low – temperature environments to test the thermal stability and safety of lithium batteries. Lithium battery maritime compliance requires that batteries can handle temperature variations during transport.
3. Vibration Test: Simulates the vibration environment that lithium batteries may encounter during transportation to test the structural stability and electrical performance of lithium batteries. Ensuring batteries can withstand vibration is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.
4. Impact Test: Simulates the impact and collision that lithium batteries may encounter during transportation to test the impact resistance and safety of lithium batteries. Passing this impact test is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.
5. External Short – circuit Test: Simulates the external short – circuit situation that lithium batteries may experience during transportation to test the short – circuit protection ability and safety of lithium batteries. Preventing short – circuits is a key aspect of lithium battery maritime compliance.
6. Crash/Squeeze Test: Simulates the squeeze and impact that lithium batteries may be subjected to during transportation to test the mechanical strength and safety of lithium batteries. Lithium battery maritime compliance requires batteries to have sufficient mechanical strength.
7. Overcharge Test: Simulates the overcharge situation that lithium batteries may encounter during transportation to test the overcharge protection ability and safety of lithium batteries. Overcharge protection is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.
8. Forced Discharge Test: Simulates the forced discharge situation that lithium batteries may experience during transportation to test the discharge performance and safety of lithium batteries. Ensuring proper discharge performance is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

The Necessity and Validity Period of the Test Report

The UN38.3 test report is one of the essential documents for lithium battery maritime compliance. Only lithium batteries that pass the UN38.3 test can obtain maritime transportation qualification. The UN38.3 test report is valid for a long time as long as the design and production process of the lithium batteries do not undergo major changes. However, if relevant regulatory standards change, enterprises need to re – test according to the new regulatory requirements. Maintaining valid test reports is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

How to Determine Whether the Battery Has “Maritime Transportation Qualification”?

To determine whether a battery has “maritime transportation qualification”, the following factors need to be considered comprehensively:

1. Passing the UN38.3 Test: Only lithium batteries that pass the UN38.3 test can obtain maritime transportation qualification. This is a fundamental requirement for lithium battery maritime compliance.
2. Complying with the Relevant Requirements of the IMDG Code: The classification, packaging, marking, and transportation of lithium batteries must comply with the relevant requirements of the IMDG Code. Meeting these requirements is crucial for lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Having Complete Document Materials: Enterprises need to provide documents such as the UN38.3 test report, MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), and transportation appraisal certificate for lithium batteries to prove that they meet the maritime compliance requirements. Complete documents are necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Pillar 2: Precise Classification – Differentiating Between Different Types of Batteries

Lithium – ion Batteries vs. Lithium – metal Batteries: Fundamental Differences and Differences in Transportation Requirements

Lithium – ion batteries and lithium – metal batteries are two common types of lithium batteries, and they have fundamental differences in chemical composition, performance characteristics, and transportation requirements. Lithium – ion batteries are rechargeable batteries with high energy density and long cycle life; lithium – metal batteries are non – rechargeable batteries with high voltage and large discharge current. In terms of transportation requirements, the UN numbers, packaging requirements, and marking requirements for lithium – ion batteries and lithium – metal batteries are different. For example, the UN number for lithium – ion batteries transported alone is UN3480, and for lithium – metal batteries transported alone is UN3090; the packaging requirements for lithium – ion batteries are relatively high, requiring UN – certified packaging materials, while the packaging requirements for lithium – metal batteries are relatively low. Precise classification is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Different Rules for Batteries Transported Alone, Packaged with Equipment, and Installed in Equipment (Corresponding to the Special Provisions in Chapter 3.3 of the IMDG Code)

According to the special provisions in Chapter 3.3 of the IMDG Code, the transportation rules for lithium batteries vary depending on their transportation methods. Specifically, the transportation methods of lithium batteries can be divided into the following three types:

1. Transported Alone: Refers to lithium batteries transported alone without being packaged with any equipment. In this case, the UN number for lithium – ion batteries is UN3480, and for lithium – metal batteries is UN3090. UN – certified packaging materials must be used, and the corresponding dangerous goods marking must be posted. Complying with these rules is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.
2. Packaged with Equipment: Refers to lithium batteries packaged in the same container as equipment but not installed in the equipment. In this case, the UN number for lithium – ion batteries is UN3481, and for lithium – metal batteries is UN3091. UN – certified packaging materials must be used, and the corresponding dangerous goods marking must be posted. At the same time, the equipment must be fixed to prevent movement and collision during transportation. Proper packaging and fixing are essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Installed in Equipment: Refers to lithium batteries already installed in equipment, and the equipment and lithium batteries are transported as a whole. In this case, the UN number for lithium – ion batteries is UN3481, and for lithium – metal batteries is UN3091. UN – certified packaging materials must be used, and the corresponding dangerous goods marking must be posted. At the same time, the equipment must be fixed to prevent movement and collision during transportation. In addition, the power supply of the equipment must be turned off to prevent accidental startup during transportation. Ensuring the equipment is properly prepared is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

Pillar 3: Compliance Packaging – Meeting the Requirements of PI 965 – 970 Directives

Core Interpretation: Detailed Analysis of the Maritime Applicable Parts of Packaging Guidelines PI 965 (Lithium – ion Batteries) and PI 968 (Lithium – metal Batteries)

PI 965 and PI 968 are packaging guidelines for lithium batteries in the IMDG Code, applicable to the maritime packaging of lithium – ion batteries and lithium – metal batteries respectively. PI 965 and PI 968 put forward detailed requirements for the packaging materials, structure, and marking of lithium batteries to ensure that the packaging can effectively prevent lithium batteries from short – circuiting, catching fire, and other hazards during transportation.

The maritime applicable parts of PI 965 (lithium – ion batteries) mainly include the following contents:

1. Packaging Materials: Requires the use of UN – certified packaging materials, such as cartons, wooden boxes, and plastic boxes. The packaging materials must have sufficient strength and stability to withstand vibration, impact, and squeeze during transportation. Using proper packaging materials is crucial for lithium battery maritime compliance.
2. Packaging Structure: Requires a layered packaging structure, with lithium batteries individually packaged in insulating materials to prevent short – circuits between lithium batteries. At the same time, cushioning materials must be filled inside the packaging to absorb vibration and impact during transportation. A good packaging structure is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Marking Requirements: Requires posting Class 9 dangerous goods marking, lithium battery marking, correct shipping name, and UN number on the packaging to clearly indicate the hazards and transportation requirements of lithium batteries. Correct marking is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

The maritime applicable parts of PI 968 (lithium – metal batteries) are similar to those of PI 965, but there may be some differences in packaging materials and structure. Specific requirements can be referred to the relevant provisions of the IMDG Code. Complying with these packaging guidelines is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Packaging Points

1. Using UN – specification Packaging (Passing Drop and Stacking Tests) and Marking the UN Number (Such as UN3480, UN3090) : The packaging of lithium batteries must use UN – specification packaging materials and pass drop and stacking tests to ensure that the packaging can withstand vibration, impact, and squeeze during transportation. At the same time, the correct UN number, such as UN3480 (lithium – ion batteries) or UN3090 (lithium – metal batteries), must be marked on the packaging. Using proper packaging and marking UN numbers is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.
2. Short – circuit Protection (Electrode Insulation, Independent Inner Packaging) : The electrodes of lithium batteries must be insulated to prevent short – circuits between electrodes. At the same time, lithium batteries must be individually packaged in insulating materials to ensure that each lithium battery has an independent inner packaging to prevent contact and short – circuits between lithium batteries. Good short – circuit protection is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Robust Outer Packaging to Prevent Movement and Accidental Startup: The outer packaging must be sturdy and durable to withstand vibration, impact, and squeeze during transportation and prevent lithium batteries from moving and colliding inside the packaging. At the same time, the outer packaging must prevent lithium batteries from accidental startup during transportation to ensure transportation safety. A robust outer packaging is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.
4. State of Charge (SOC) Restriction: Clarifying the Suggestion and Requirement That the SOC of Lithium – ion Batteries in Maritime Transportation Is Usually Not Higher Than 30% : To reduce the risk of thermal runaway of lithium batteries during transportation, there is usually a restriction on the state of charge (SOC) of lithium – ion batteries in maritime transportation. It is generally recommended that the SOC of lithium – ion batteries is not higher than 30% to ensure the safety of lithium batteries during transportation. Controlling SOC is an important aspect of lithium battery maritime compliance.

Pillar 4: Standardized Marking and Documentation

Marking and Labeling: Correctly Posting Class 9 Dangerous Goods Labels, Lithium Battery Markings, Correct Shipping Names, and UN Numbers

The packaging of lithium batteries must correctly post Class 9 dangerous goods labels, lithium battery markings, correct shipping names, and UN numbers to clearly indicate the hazards and transportation requirements of lithium batteries. The Class 9 dangerous goods label is a diamond – shaped sign with a white background and a black border, with the number “9” in the middle. The lithium battery marking is a battery pattern with a lightning symbol, indicating that the packaging contains lithium batteries. The correct shipping name and UN number must be clearly marked on the packaging for easy identification and management. Correct marking is crucial for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Key Documents

1. Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD): Core Notes for Filling: The Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) is one of the documents that must be submitted during lithium battery maritime transportation, used to declare the hazards and transportation requirements of lithium batteries to shipping companies and customs. When filling out the DGD, the following core points should be noted:

• Accurately filling in information such as the UN number, correct shipping name, and hazard category of lithium batteries: Ensure that the declared information is consistent with the actual cargo to avoid cargo detention or fines due to inaccurate declared information. Accurate declaration is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.
• Providing detailed documents such as lithium battery test reports and MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) : Prove that lithium batteries meet the maritime compliance requirements to ensure the safety of lithium battery transportation. Providing complete documents is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.
• Filling in correct information such as transportation mode, transportation route, and transportation date: Ensure that shipping companies and customs can accurately understand the transportation situation of lithium batteries and take corresponding safety measures. Correctly filling in transportation details is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

2. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet): Must Include a Transportation Information Section: The MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) is a document that details the physical and chemical properties, hazards, safe operation methods, emergency measures, and other information of lithium batteries. The MSDS must include a transportation information section, detailing the transportation requirements, packaging requirements, and marking requirements of lithium batteries to provide a basis for safety management during transportation. Including a transportation information section in the MSDS is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.
3. Test Summary: Preparing the Lithium Battery Test Summary According to the Requirements of SP188 (Special Provision 188) : SP188 is a special provision in the IMDG Code. For lithium batteries that meet specific conditions, some transportation requirements can be exempted. According to the requirements of SP188, enterprises need to prepare a lithium battery test summary, providing test data and relevant information of lithium batteries to prove that they meet the exemption conditions. Preparing the test summary is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

Compliance Checklist for the Entire Maritime Transportation Operation Process

Booking Stage: Declaring Dangerous Goods to Shipping Companies in Advance and Truthfully to Obtain DG Approval

During the booking stage, enterprises need to declare the hazards and transportation requirements of lithium batteries to shipping companies in advance and truthfully, providing relevant documents such as the UN38.3 test report, MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), and DGD (Dangerous Goods Declaration) to apply for DG (Dangerous Goods) approval. Shipping companies will review the declared information to ensure that lithium batteries meet the maritime compliance requirements. Only lithium batteries that obtain DG approval can be accepted for transportation by shipping companies. Obtaining DG approval is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Packaging and Container Loading Stage: Conducted by Trained Personnel in Compliance Warehouses to Ensure Isolation (Away from Heat Sources and Other Dangerous Goods)

During the packaging and container loading stage, enterprises need to have trained personnel perform the packaging and container loading operations of lithium batteries in compliance warehouses. During the packaging and container loading process, lithium batteries must be isolated from heat sources and other dangerous goods to prevent short – circuits, fires, and other hazards during transportation. At the same time, lithium batteries must be fixed to prevent movement and collision during transportation. Proper packaging and loading are important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Declaration and Documentation Stage: Ensuring That All Documents Are Accurate and Consistent

During the declaration and documentation stage, enterprises need to ensure that all document materials, such as the DGD (Dangerous Goods Declaration), MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), UN38.3 test report, and transportation appraisal certificate, are accurate and consistent. The accuracy and consistency of document materials are key factors in ensuring lithium battery maritime compliance. Any errors or inconsistencies in document materials may lead to cargo detention or fines. Accurate and consistent documents are necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Terminal and Loading Stage: Cooperating with Port Supervision and Understanding Container Loading and Stowage Requirements (Such as “Away from Living Areas”, “On Deck or in Hold”, Etc.)

During the terminal and loading stage, enterprises need to cooperate with the inspection and management of port supervision departments to ensure that the loading and stowage of lithium batteries comply with relevant regulations. For example, lithium battery containers must be kept away from living areas and heat sources to avoid safety accidents. At the same time, enterprises need to understand the container loading and stowage requirements, such as on – deck or in – hold stowage requirements and isolation requirements, to ensure the safety of lithium battery transportation. Complying with port regulations is part of lithium battery maritime compliance.

Common Non – compliance Traps and High – risk Misconceptions

Misconception 1: “Declaring as General Cargo” or “Concealing the Truth” – Extremely Serious Consequences

“Declaring as general cargo” or “concealing the truth” is one of the most common non – compliance traps in lithium battery maritime transportation. Some enterprises declare lithium batteries as general cargo or conceal their hazards to save costs or for convenience. This behavior not only violates the relevant provisions of the IMDG Code but also brings serious consequences to enterprises. Once discovered, enterprises may face huge fines, cargo detention, rejection of the entire shipment, and even criminal liability. Adhering to lithium battery maritime compliance means avoiding this dangerous misconception.

Misconception 2: Ignoring Short – circuit Protection of Inner Packaging

Ignoring short – circuit protection of inner packaging is another common non – compliance trap in lithium battery maritime transportation. Some enterprises only focus on the strength and stability of the outer packaging while ignoring the short – circuit protection of the inner packaging. This behavior may lead to short – circuits of lithium batteries during transportation, causing fires, explosions, and other hazards. Therefore, when packaging lithium batteries, enterprises must ensure that the inner packaging has good short – circuit protection performance, using insulating materials to wrap the electrodes of lithium batteries to prevent short – circuits between electrodes. Good short – circuit protection is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Misconception 3: Using Untested or Damaged Recycled Packaging

Using untested or damaged recycled packaging is also a high – risk misconception in lithium battery maritime transportation. Some enterprises use untested or damaged recycled packaging to reduce costs. This behavior may result in packaging that cannot effectively prevent lithium batteries from short – circuiting, catching fire, and other hazards during transportation, bringing safety risks to enterprises. Therefore, when packaging lithium batteries, enterprises must use tested and certified packaging materials to ensure the quality and safety of the packaging. Using proper packaging is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Misconception 4: Inconsistent Document Information with the Actual Goods

Inconsistent document information with the actual goods is a common non – compliance trap in lithium battery maritime transportation. Some enterprises provide document materials that are inconsistent with the actual cargo when declaring lithium batteries, such as inconsistent UN numbers, correct shipping names, and hazard category information. This behavior may lead shipping companies and customs to misunderstand the hazards and transportation requirements of lithium batteries, bringing safety risks and legal risks to enterprises. Therefore, when declaring lithium batteries, enterprises must ensure that the document materials are consistent with the actual cargo, providing accurate and complete document materials. Consistent documents are necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Establishing a Long – term Compliance System: Suggestions for Enterprises

Personnel Training: Mandatory Participation in DG – related Training and Obtaining Certificates

Enterprises should require relevant personnel to participate in DG (Dangerous Goods) – related training to improve employees’ understanding and awareness of lithium battery maritime compliance requirements. The training content should include relevant regulatory requirements of the IMDG Code, knowledge of classification, packaging, marking, and transportation of lithium batteries, and emergency response measures. Employees can only engage in lithium battery maritime transportation – related work after passing the training and obtaining corresponding certificates. Proper personnel training is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Supplier Management: Auditing the UN38.3 Reports and Compliance Awareness of Battery Suppliers

Enterprises should strengthen the management of battery suppliers, auditing the UN38.3 reports and compliance awareness of battery suppliers. Select battery suppliers with good compliance records and reputations to ensure that the purchased lithium batteries meet the maritime compliance requirements. At the same time, enterprises should establish long – term and stable cooperative relationships with battery suppliers to jointly promote the development of lithium battery maritime compliance work. Good supplier management is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Partner Selection: Entrusting Freight Forwarders and Shipping Companies with Rich DG Operation Experience

When selecting freight forwarders and shipping companies, enterprises should prioritize partners with rich DG (Dangerous Goods) operation experience. These freight forwarders and shipping companies are familiar with the relevant regulatory requirements of the IMDG Code and can provide professional lithium battery maritime compliance services for enterprises, helping enterprises reduce compliance risks and improve transportation efficiency. Choosing the right partners is important for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Emergency Response Plan: Formulating Emergency Response Procedures for Battery Leakage and Fire During Transportation

Enterprises should formulate a comprehensive emergency response plan, clarifying the emergency response procedures in case of battery leakage, fire, and other emergencies during transportation. The emergency response plan should include emergency organization structures, emergency rescue measures, emergency material reserves, and other contents to ensure that emergency situations can be handled quickly and effectively to reduce accident losses. A good emergency response plan is necessary for lithium battery maritime compliance.

Conclusion and Future Outlook

Summary: Compliance Is a Cost, and Also a Core Competitiveness and Safety Guarantee

Lithium battery maritime compliance is an important issue that enterprises must pay attention to. Compliance is not only a legal responsibility of enterprises but also a core competitiveness and safety guarantee. By establishing a sound compliance system, enterprises can reduce compliance risks, improve transportation efficiency, and ensure the safety of lithium battery maritime transportation. At the same time, compliance can enhance the reputation and image of enterprises, increasing their competitiveness in the international market. Lithium battery maritime compliance is the key to the success of lithium battery maritime business.

Outlook: With the Evolution of Battery Technology (Such as Solid – state Batteries) and Global Green Regulations (Such as the EU’s New Battery Law), Continuously Pay Attention to Regulatory Dynamics

With the continuous development of battery technology and the continuous improvement of global green regulations, the requirements for lithium battery maritime compliance will also continue to change. For example, the emergence of new battery technologies such as solid – state batteries may have an impact on the classification, packaging, and transportation of lithium batteries; the implementation of global green regulations such as the EU’s New Battery Law may put forward higher requirements for the carbon footprint and recycling of lithium batteries. Therefore, enterprises need to continuously pay attention to regulatory dynamics and adjust their compliance strategies in a timely manner to ensure the compliance of lithium battery maritime transportation. Staying updated on regulatory changes is essential for lithium battery maritime compliance.